![]() Empathy is regarded as a suitable explanation for prosocial behavior, such as taking care of offspring and cooperating with others.Įmpathy for pain has been the major focus of research devoted to empathy in social neuroscience and other related fields, making it the most dominant neuroscientific domain in the study of empathy. Modern accounts of empathy decompose empathy into these three components: experience-sharing involves vicariously resonating with others’ experiences, mentalizing involves actively inferring others’ thoughts and intentions, and compassion involves motivation to alleviate others’ suffering. Further, Davis divided empathy into 4 parts: perspective-taking (tendency to spontaneously adopt the psychological point of view of others), empathy concern (“other-oriented” feelings of sympathy and concern for unfortunate others), fantasy (tendency to transpose themselves imaginatively into the feelings and actions of fictitious characters in books, movies, and plays) and personal distress (“self-oriented” feelings of personal anxiety and unease in tense interpersonal settings). Gladstein proposed two major types of empathy: affective empathy (responding with the same emotion to another person’s emotion) and cognitive empathy (intellectually taking the role or perspective of another person). ![]() It plays an important role in communication and interaction in human society. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Įmpathy refers to the process of an individual sharing and understanding another person's emotions, feelings and thoughts. If it is really needed, we can supply our grand mean AVG file for ERP waveforms.įunding: The research in the manuscript was funded by Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Projects (China) Number: TJJX17-010 to JS. The ERP waveforms' figures' making were based on the mean data of our subjects. The images are the reflection of our data. Our data did not extract any points from images. All the means and SD are included in the manuscript. Our original data is available upon request (including the ERP waveforms, AVG and original data). Figures were the supporting information for our research. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All data underlying our findings described in the manuscript can be fully available without restriction within the manuscript. Received: JAccepted: NovemPublished: December 13, 2019Ĭopyright: © 2019 Song et al. PLoS ONE 14(12):Įditor: Kai Wang, Anhui Medical University, CHINA The perceptual level of pain was deeper in the late controlled processing stage.Ĭitation: Song J, Wei Y, Ke H (2019) The effect of emotional information from eyes on empathy for pain: A subliminal ERP study. Compared with the subliminal fearful eye stimulus, the subliminal sad eye stimulus had a greater impact on empathy for pain. The current study showed that subliminal eye emotion affected the viewer’s empathy for pain. Moreover, the subjective ratings of Personal Distress (PD) (one of the dimensions in Chinese version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index scale) predicted the pain effect in empathic neural responses in the N1 and N2 time window. The behavioral results demonstrated that people reacted to targets depicting pain more slowly after the sad emotion priming. For P3 and late positive component (LPC), the amplitude elicited by the painful pictures was larger than the amplitude elicited by the nonpainful pictures. Results showed that the subliminal sad eye stimulus elicited a larger P2 amplitude than the subliminal fearful eye stimulus when assessing pain. Participants were told to judge whether the targets were in pain or not. ![]() The experiment used an emotional priming paradigm of 3 (prime: subliminal neutral, sad, fear eye region information) × 2 (target: painful, nonpainful pictures) within-subject design. This research aimed to explore the effect of subliminal sad, fearful and neutral emotions conveyed by the eye region on a viewer’s empathy for pain using event-related potentials (ERP). Further, it was proved that subliminal stimuli could impact human behavior. ![]() The eye region is effective at conveying facial expressions, especially fear and sadness emotions. Facial expressions are deeply tied to empathy, which plays an important role during social communication.
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