However, many of the existing refineries in the United States have revamped many of their units and/or constructed add-on units in order to: increase their crude oil processing capacity, In the United States, for various complex economic reasons, the construction of new refineries came to a virtual stop in about the 1980's. The driving force for that growth in technology and in the number and size of refineries worldwide was the growing demand for automotive gasoline and aircraft fuel. They became commercially available within 5 to 10 years after the war ended and the worldwide petroleum industry experienced very rapid growth. All of the many other refining processes discussed below were developed during the war or within a few years after the war. Some refineries also had vacuum distillation units as well as thermal cracking units such as visbreakers (viscosity breakers, units to lower the viscosity of the oil). Prior to World War II in the early 1940s, most petroleum refineries in the United States consisted simply of crude oil distillation units (often referred to as atmospheric crude oil distillation units). The early finds of petroleum like those in Ontario and Pennsylvania were soon outstripped by large oil "booms" in Oklahoma, Texas and California. In the early 1900's, the introduction of the internal combustion engine and its use in automobiles created a market for gasoline that was the impetus for fairly rapid growth of the petroleum industry. The industry grew slowly in the 1800s, primarily producing kerosene for oil lamps. In the United States, the petroleum industry began in 1859 when Edwin Drake found oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania. In North America, the first oil well was drilled in 1858 by James Miller Williams in Ontario, Canada. The oldest preserved oil refinery in the world now a museum. Įngelsberg refinery on the Swedish island Barrön (Oljeön). The first large petroleum refinery was built in Ploesti, Romania in 1856 using the abundant oil available in Romania. Shortly thereafter, in 1854, Ignacy Lukasiewicz began producing kerosene from hand-dug oil wells near the town of Krosno, now in Poland. However, the modern history of the petroleum industry is said to have begun in 1846 when Abraham Gessner of Nova Scotia, Canada discovered how to produce kerosene from coal. Prior to the 19th century, petroleum was known and utilized in various fashions in Babylon, Egypt, China, Persia, Rome and Azerbaijan. Brief history of the petroleum industry and petroleum refining 5 Flow diagram of a typical petroleum refinery.3 Auxiliary facilities required in refineries.1 Brief history of the petroleum industry and petroleum refining.
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